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Showing 44 entries for tag: Roman History

Pattern Pattern Pattern

Victor Ambrus, Hugh Marshall, Rosemary Sutcliff

A Circlet of Oak Leaves

One evening at a tavern in Isca Silurium (Caerleon), sometime in the mid-second century CE, a group of cavalry auxiliaries and Roman legionaries get into to a debate over who has the most important role during a battle. As the conversation turns to a battle with the Picts beyond the Antonine Wall a decade before, at which point the Thracian horse-trader Aracos steps in and mentions that he fought in the battle as part of the Dacian Horse. When one of his fellow patrons notes that one of the Daci(...)

literary

YEAR: 1965

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Monika Rekowska

A Day in the Museum, or Caius Probinus’ Tale about Life in Ancient Rome [Dzień w muzeum, czyli opowieść Caiusa Probinusa o życiu w starożytnym Rzymie]

Based on: Katarzyna Marciniak, Elżbieta Olechowska, Joanna Kłos, Michał Kucharski (eds.), Polish Literature for Children & Young Adults Inspired by Classical Antiquity: A Catalogue, Faculty of “Artes Liberales”, Warsaw: University of Warsaw, 2013, 444 pp.School children visit Park Arkadia in Nieborów. It is a historic, English style garden, with numerous themes recalling ancient architecture. A new guide, Monika, is a young archaeologist fascinated by the ancient world, es(...)

literary

YEAR: 2011

COUNTRY: Poland


Anna M. Komornicka

Alpha and Omega, or Antiquity Encapsulated [Alfa i Omega, czyli starożytność w miniaturze]

Based on: Katarzyna Marciniak, Elżbieta Olechowska, Joanna Kłos, Michał Kucharski (eds.), Polish Literature for Children & Young Adults Inspired by Classical Antiquity: A Catalogue (accessed: June 11, 2021), Faculty of “Artes Liberales”, Warsaw: University of Warsaw, 2013, 444 pp.This is the last volume in the series The Legacy of Antiquity, where the author explains the classical origin of well-known expressions used by famous Greek and Roman leaders, philosophers etc., such as (...)

literary

YEAR: 1995

COUNTRY: Poland


Joe Lillington, Iris Volant

Ancient Warriors

Ancient Warriors is divided as follows: overview of specific armies; short biographies of military leaders; overviews of battles throughout history. The book covers the Bronze Age until the 14th Century CE and features armies such as the Mayans (pp. 12–13), the Romans (pp. 24–28), the Huns (pp. 34–35), the Vikings (pp. 42–43), and the Samurai (pp. 50–51). These armies are arranged chronologically and are described along with their respective military leaders such as(...)

literary

YEAR: 2018

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Andrew Matthews, Tony Ross

Antony and Cleopatra

The book belongs to the series by Andrew Matthews, where classic plays of William Shakespeare are retold. The story about Antony and Cleopatra is told in a form of recollections of Servius, one of Antony’s loyal soldiers. Servius goes back to recall memories from the day when he was listening to Antony giving a speech over Caesar's body. Shortly afterward, Servius was appointed to be Antony’s Centurion. Since that moment, the soldier’s memories overlap with the events known(...)

literary

YEAR: 2001

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


René Goscinny , Albert Uderzo

Asterix in Switzerland [Astérix chez les Helvètes] (Astérix, 16)

Asterix in Switzerland is the 16th book of the Astérix adventures comic book series (see also entries for Book 4, Book 6, and Book 12).  The comic opens with Abraracourcix (à bras raccourcis, Vitalstatistix in English) sacking his shield bearers and nominating Astérix and Obélix as their replacements. While Astérix tries to object, the chief orders them to start immediately. Meanwhile, Gracchus Garovirus (gare au virus, Varius Flavus in Engl(...)

literary

YEAR: 1970

COUNTRY: France


Caesar III

In Caesar III, users play as a Roman governor, sent by Caesar to rule new provinces across the world. To complete each scenario, and rise in rank, they must build cities that meet the required levels of Population, Culture, Peace, Prosperity and Favour. With each success, the player is given the choice of governing either a peaceful or militaristic Province, meaning they direct whether they want to focus on cultural marvels and luxuries, or battling Rome’s enemies.Starting with nothing but(...)

electronic

YEAR: 1998

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Jan Parandowski

Circus and Arena [Cyrk i arena]

The weekly Dookoła świata [Around the World] (1954–1976) was intended to be a sort of travel magazine and “a window to the external world” for Polish teens in the Polish People’s Republic – see here [entry “Z antycznego świata”, Dookoła Świata 13 (1957)]. The article focuses on the Roman circus and amphitheatre. Both are presented as a building and as an institution. First, Parandowski writes about the beginning of the circus between the Palatine an(...)

literary

YEAR: 1957

COUNTRY: Poland


Siouxsie and the Banshees

Cities in Dust

The song narrates the destruction of Pompeii in 79AD due to the eruption of Vesuvius. Pompeii is not mentioned by name, although the cover art for this single feature an image of the plaster cast of a dog, found in the House of Orpheus in Pompeii. The lyrics are direct and explicit in their treatment of the destruction and the human tragedy, through the choral lyric “your city lies in dust”, through references to hiding and choking, and in particular the final verse:Hot and burning i(...)

music

YEAR: 1985

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Barbara Kramer

Cleopatra

The book is dedicated to children who reached level 3, meaning that they are capable of reading on their own and they can start to expand their vocabulary. The opening chapters introduce Cleopatra and explain where her ancestors came from and what her life in Alexandria looked like. The next chapters move on to Cleopatra's reign and her love for Julius Caesar and Marcus Antonius. The extensive biography of Cleopatra ends with chapters containing information about the Battle of Actium and the(...)

literary

YEAR: 2015

COUNTRY: United States of America


Philip Reeve, Margaret Simpson

Cleopatra and Her Asp

In this book, Cleopatra’s biography takes an unusual form, a fictional diary of the Queen that uses elements of comic books. The playful form reflects its target audience of children and teenagers. It includes an introduction about the Ptolemaic dynasty and the situation in ancient Egypt at the beginning of Cleopatra's reign. All the events in the book are in chronological order - we learn what happens from the moment Cleopatra becomes Queen until her death. The author uses diar(...)

literary

YEAR: 1999

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Glen Chapron, Hélène Montardre

Disaster at Pompeii [Catastrophe à Pompéi]

Like all volumes in the series, this one begins with a section The adventure begins… setting up the scene of the novel by providing answers to the basic narrative questions: when, where, “so what”, and who.A teenage boy, Caius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, who lives in Misenum with his mother and uncle, Pliny the Elder, a writer and also commander of the Roman fleet stationed in the port, frequently visits his friend Loreius in Pompeii, across the bay. Loreius spends lots of tim(...)

literary

YEAR: 2013

COUNTRY: France


Russell T. Davies, Brian Minchin, James Moran, Colin Teague

Doctor Who (Series, S04E02): The Fires of Pompeii

‘The Fires of Pompeii’ was typical of the revived, 21st-century series of Doctor Who (1963–1989; 2005–present) with its abandonment of educational themes for ‘pure’ science-fiction, and pseudo-historical storytelling. Filmed using the same sets as the 2005–2007 HBO/BBC Two series Rome, the episode attempted to present the same level of historical accuracy of costuming and set-design, while taking liberties with scripting. Aspects of Roman relig(...)

audiovisual

YEAR: 2008

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Lindsey Alford , Toby Haynes, Steven Moffat

Doctor Who (Series, S05E12–13): The Pandorica Opens / The Big Bang

‘The Pandorica Opens’ and ‘The Big Bang’ contain numerous mash-ups of Classical myth and history. The two-part story opens with the Doctor (in his Eleventh incarnation, played by Matt Smith) and his companion, Amy Pond, arriving in Roman Britain in AD 102, where they find the Doctor’s past and future wife, River Song, impersonating the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra VII. The ‘Pandorica’ of the title is a direct reference to Pandora’s Box: an advanced pr(...)

audiovisual

YEAR: 2010

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Christopher Barry, Dennis Spooner

Doctor Who (Series, Season 2): The Romans (The Slave Traders / All Roads Lead to Rome / Conspiracy / Inferno)

‘The Romans’ is a key example of the early format of Doctor Who (1963-1989; 2005-present), which sought to mix science-fiction adventures with historically-themed storylines (as an extension of its intended educational role). A playful comedy, the story sees the crew of the TARDIS (the time/space machine) materialise in the countryside outside Ancient Rome, and take a well-earned holiday at an abandoned Roman villa. Their rest is soon disturbed, however, when Barbara Wright and (...)

audiovisual

YEAR: 1965

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Jan Parandowski

From the Ancient World [Z antycznego świata]

Based on: Katarzyna Marciniak, Elżbieta Olechowska, Joanna Kłos, Michał Kucharski (eds.), Polish Literature for Children & Young Adults Inspired by Classical Antiquity: A Catalogue, Faculty of “Artes Liberales”, Warsaw: University of Warsaw, 2013, 444 pp. This is a collection of short, varied essays introducing young readers to the fascinating world of Antiquity. Topics are very diverse, ranging from archaeology, Greek art, culture, architecture, history, and the Roman Empir(...)

literary

YEAR: 1958

COUNTRY: Poland


Rosemary Sutcliff

Frontier Wolf

Frontier Wolf is the third book in a series of novels that recount the adventures of various generations of the Aquilii family down to the Norman period. In each case, one of the protagonists owns a Dolphin Ring, which has been passed on through the family. The publishers, Oxford University Press, state that the primary audience for the Dolphin Ring saga is an age-range of 11–16*.At the opening of Frontier Wolf, set in the early 340s, the twenty-three-year-old centurion Alexios Flavius Aqu(...)

literary

YEAR: 1980

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Dominic Brigstocke, Steve Connelly, William Terence Deary, Chloë Thomas

Horrible Histories (Series)

A sketch show based on the books of the same name by Terry Deary, focussing on many aspects of history not just the Classical areas. Each episode includes parodic songs teaching children about aspects of history, with both live-action and animated sections often working in conjecture to form the full picture of the sketch. Each sketch is accompanied by the narrative character Rattus Rattus who is used as an accuracy marker for the jokes within the series. The show takes a non-linear format (...)

audiovisual

YEAR: 2009

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Ian Andrews, Penelope Lively

In Search of a Homeland

This is a retelling of the post-homeric story of the Aeneid and of the origins of Rome.(...)

literary

YEAR: 2001

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Małgorzata Musierowicz

Jeżyciad (Series) [Jeżycjada]

Based on: Katarzyna Marciniak, Elżbieta Olechowska, Joanna Kłos, Michał Kucharski (eds.), Polish Literature for Children & Young Adults Inspired by Classical Antiquity: A Catalogue, Faculty of “Artes Liberales”, Warsaw: University of Warsaw, 2013, 444 pp.Jeżycjada is a saga about the life of succeeding generations of families from a district in Poznań, Jeżyce. It began in December 1975. Most of the volumes highlight the problems of adolescence and early adulthood for girls from t(...)

literary

YEAR: 1977

COUNTRY: Poland


Aleksander Wojciech Mikołajczak

Legendary Rome [Rzym legendarny]

Based on: Katarzyna Marciniak, Elżbieta Olechowska, Joanna Kłos, Michał Kucharski (eds.), Polish Literature for Children & Young Adults Inspired by Classical Antiquity: A Catalogue, Faculty of “Artes Liberales”, Warsaw: University of Warsaw, 2013, 444 pp., section by Magdalena Łokieć, pp. 204–206. In the oldest Roman legends, long before the city of Rome was founded, Hercules had adventures in the land on the Tiber. Evander, the lord of that land, took care of Aeneas w(...)

literary

YEAR: 2002

COUNTRY: Poland


Katie Daynes, Peter Donnelly

Lift-the-Flap Questions and Answers about Long Ago

This beautifully-illustrated book offers young readers an interactive immersion in history. The histories of many periods and peoples are covered, with the book divided into sections based on the sorts of questions that people might ask about the past: Where? Who? Why? What? How? When? and Which? There is an illustrated “What happened when?” timeline at the end of the book which places items from throughout the book in chronological order. The ancient world plays an important ro(...)

literary

YEAR: 2018

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Gwendal Lazzara, Michel Piquemal, Daniel Royo

Marcus Caius Victor's Secret, Followed by Who Wants Marcus Caius Dead? [Le secret de Marcus Caïus Victor, suivi de Qui veut la mort de Marcus Caïus?]

In Rome under Augustus, an orphan named Lucius from a wealthy Roman family has been brought up by his grandfather, Marcus Caïus Victor*, the owner of prestigious jewellery workshops and an influential magistrate (Decurion). To the boy’s utter amazement, he learns from his grandfather that he was originally a Gaul who fought for Vercingetorix at Alesia, was taken prisoner, and then sold as a slave to an important Roman merchant. On their trip to Rome, they were shipwrecked and Marcus s(...)

literary

YEAR: 2011

COUNTRY: France


Charles Keeping, Rosemary Sutcliff

Mark of the Horse Lord

Former gladiator Phaedrus is bailed out of Corstopitum’s (Corbridge) jail by the merchant Sinnoch, who introduces Phaedrus to the northern tribesmen Gault the Strong and Midir. Midir had once been a prince of the Dalriadain, but was secretly blinded and banished by his father’s half-sister Liadhan who now rules as queen of the tribe. However, Gault, Sinnoch and various co-conspirators wish to remove Liadhan, and given that the Dalriadain believe Midir died as a child and Phaedrus bea(...)

literary

YEAR: 1965

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Bastille

Pompeii

The song describes the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD and its aftermath from the perspective of the inhabitants of nearby Pompeii, although this inferred only from the title and not referenced directly in the song. The lyrics are imagined as a conversation between two people who were victims of the eruption. The song is mostly formed of repetitions of the following refrain and chorus, the first part which directly references the eruption and the second part of which reflects the idea of the conve(...)

music

YEAR: 2013

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Pierce Brown , Rik Hoskin , Eli Powell

Red Rising: Sons of Ares

Red Rising: Sons of Ares is the graphic novel prequel to the novels of the hugely popular Red Rising science-fiction series. The series imagines a rigidly hierarchical interplanetary society which takes much of its form from ancient Greek myths of the ages of humans and from ancient Roman culture. While the main series witnesses an uprising by the Sons of Ares, a terrorist group who fight against oppression, Red Rising: Sons of Ares takes readers back to the origins of the rebellion.The sto(...)

literary

YEAR: 2018

COUNTRY: United States of America


Simon Adams

Romans

This work is a non-humorous introduction to ancient Roman society aimed at children aged 7+.Table of Contents:Who were the Romans?The Founding of RomeThe Roman RepublicFighting CarthageThe Roman ArmyRoman RoadsJulius CaesarCreating the EmpireConquering BritainFortificationsImperial RomeThe ColosseumA Day at the RacesLife in the CityWonderful WaterLife in the CountryThe Roman FamilyRoman ChildrenFood and LifestyleRoman ReligionPompeiiUp in ArmsDecline and FallWhat the Romans Did for UsFamous Roma(...)

literary

YEAR: 2014

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Blue , Overly Sarcastic Productions , Red

Rome Survived Nero (A Post-American-Election Consolation)

The video does not belong to any of the Overly Sarcastic Productions’ series, although it is done in a similar way to those in the Armchair Classics and Armchair History cycles. The main difference is that there are almost no illustrations, and Blue’s manner of speaking is way more serious than usually. This is due to the fact that the video was produced on November 9, 2016, to serve as "consolation" for all those disappointed with the result of presidential election by Don(...)

ephemeral

YEAR: 2016

COUNTRY: Online


Rosemary Sutcliff

Song for a Dark Queen

The novel recounts the events of the Boudiccan Revolt (60/61 CE) from the perspective of the Icenian harpist Cadwan. Cadwan describes his relationship with Boudicca, from when she was a headstrong but amiable child, through to her arranged marriage to Prasutagus of the Parisi and premature elevation to the queenship, and finally Boudicca's revolt against Roman rule. Boudicca is initially resistant towards the marriage with Prasutagus, but their mutual affection grows, especially after he ris(...)

literary

YEAR: 1978

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Peter Bull Art Studio , Sarah Kahn

Spot the Mummy in the Museum

Each volume in the Spot the... series presents children with an environment to explore. Greco-Roman culture forms a prominent part of the environment in this edition, which is set in a museum. Each double-page spread in the books in this series depicts a scene from the specified environment which children search to find the themed object; in this case they search for the mummy in each room of the museum. Each double-page also picks out approximately five objects that are specific to that scene f(...)

literary

YEAR: 2015

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Dave Filoni, George Lucas

Star Wars (Series, S01–S05): The Clone Wars

Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a 3D CGI animated television series set during the period between the Star Wars films Attack of the Clones (2002) and Revenge of the Sith (2005). The Star Wars stories are set in a distant galaxy which includes a great number of planets and which is inhabited by an enormous range of sentient, non-sentient, and robotic life-forms. A powerful energy known as "the Force" binds the galaxy together and can be channelled by "Force sensitive" living(...)

audiovisual

YEAR: 2008

COUNTRY: United States of America


Carrie Beck, Dave Filoni, Simon Kinberg, George Lucas, Justin Ridge

Star Wars Rebels (Series)

Star Wars Rebels is a 2D animated series that adds to the main Star Wars saga storyline while introducing new characters and plots. The series is set in between Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith (2005) and Star Wars: Rogue One (2016), approximately fifteen years after the foundation of the Galactic Empire (for more background on the Star Wars universe, please see the entry for Star Wars. The Clone Wars). The story follows Ezra Bridger, a "Force sensitive" (i.e. supernaturally talented) te(...)

audiovisual

YEAR: 2014

COUNTRY: United States of America


Stuart Hill, Sandra Lawrence

The Atlas of Heroes. A World of Heroes from Myth and Legend

This atlas is large in scale (at 28x34 cm) and sumptuously illustrated with hand-drawn maps decorated with numerous heroes associated with each location. The figures on the maps are numbered, and these correspond to a companion page which features summaries of each hero. The maps are double-framed within an introductory story communicated via text and illustration; a young girl discovers the atlas as part of a stash of items in an attic, and the atlas features notes added by her as she uncovers (...)

literary

YEAR: 2018

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Ursula Dubosarsky

The Blue Cat

The Blue Cat is set in Sydney, 1942, and filtered through the observations of a dreamy child, Columba. Ellery (Elias), a new boy, arrives at Columba’s school: he either does not speak English or cannot speak. He is from Europe (You-rope) and may be a German-Jewish refugee. His mother is missing, and no longer sends letters. "Hitler killed her", says Columba’s brash friend, Hilda. As Columba observes the changes affecting Sydney during the war (curfews, air-raid drills, the (...)

literary

YEAR: 2017

COUNTRY: Australia


Charles Keeping, Rosemary Sutcliff

The Capricorn Bracelet

The Capricorn Bracelet was originally written as a series of scripts for the series "Stories from Scottish History", broadcast on BBC Radio Scotland. However, frustrated by the limitations imposed by the twenty minutes allocated to each episode, Sutcliff subsequently rewrote them as series of short stories. Each episode focussed on a member of the Calpurnii family, the first of whom, Lucius Calpurnius, fled London during the Boudiccan revolt and joined the Roman army. Lucius' desce(...)

literary

YEAR: 1973

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Cyril Walter Hodges, Rosemary Sutcliff

The Eagle of the Ninth

The Eagle of the Ninth is the first in a series of novels that recount the adventures of various generations of the Aquilii family down to the Norman period. In each case, one of the protagonists owns a Dolphin Ring, which has been passed on through the family. The publishers, Oxford University Press, state that the primary audience for these novels are 11–16-year-olds*.The Eagle of the Ninth, set in the first half of the second century CE, begins with the nineteen-year-old centurion Marcu(...)

literary

YEAR: 1954

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Patrick Branwell Brontë

The History of the Young Men

This work opens with an extensive Introduction which details the early lives of the Brontë children and the evolution of their creative writing. There is also a section of Notes on the Text, which provides a manuscript history and images of the original. Branwell's introduction provides the history of the acquisition of the toy soldiers who formed the basis of the stories. He adds, "this history is a statement of what Myself, Charlotte Emily and Ann really pretended did happen"(...)

literary

YEAR: 2010

COUNTRY: Australia


Rosemary Sutcliff

The Hundredth Feather

In this short story set in a Roman province (likely Britain), Andros, a mosaic-maker, has been hired by a merchant named Cornelius Kaeso to install a mosaic depicting the goddess Juno and her peacock in his dining room. To make the ‘eyes’ on the peacock’s tail, Andros has fashioned 100 pieces from the fragments of a glass vessel that had been accidentally broken by a household slave. As he works on the mosaic, Andros reflects on the aspirations he had to craft mosaics for the w(...)

literary

YEAR: 1984

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Charles Keeping, Rosemary Sutcliff

The Lantern Bearers

In the Lantern Bearers is the fourth book in a series of novels that recount the adventures of various generations of the Aquilii family down to the Norman period. In each case, one of the protagonists owns a Dolphin Ring, which has been passed on through the family. The publishers, Oxford University Press, state that the primary audience has an age-range of 11–16 (Meek 1962, p. 39).In the Lantern Bearers, which is set in the mid-fifth century, Aquila, an eighteen-year-old Romano-British s(...)

literary

YEAR: 1959

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Tony Bradman , Tony Ross

The Orchard Book of Swords Sorcerers and Superheroes

Chapter 1. Voyage to the Edge of the World. The Story of Jason and the Golden Fleece.Chapter 2. The Magical Sword. The Story of King Arthur.Chapter 3. The Fabulous Genie. The Story of Aladdin and his Magical Lamp.Chapter 4. An Apple for Freedom. The Story of William Tell.Chapter 5. Superhero. The Story of Hercules and the Monstrous Cacus.Chapter 6. The Fantastic Voyage of Sinbad. The Story of Sinbad the Sailor and The Roc.Chapter 7. The Fearsome Dragon from the Lake. The Story of George and the (...)

literary

YEAR: 2003

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Charles Keeping, Rosemary Sutcliff

The Silver Branch

The Silver Branch is the second in a series of novels that recount the adventures of various generations of the Aquilii family down to the Norman period. In each case, one of the protagonists owns a Dolphin Ring, which has been passed on through the family. The publishers, Oxford University Press, state that the primary audience has an age range of 11–16 (Meek 1962, p. 39).Two cousins from the Aquilii family, Tiberius Lucius Justinianus (Justin) and Marcelus Flavius Aquila, serve under Car(...)

literary

YEAR: 1957

COUNTRY: United Kingdom


Mari Yamazaki

Thermae Romae [テルマエ・ロマエ] (Series)

Lucius, a second-century Roman architect who specializes in designing public bathhouses, is experiencing a career crisis. His old-fashioned style of bathhouses is no longer suitable to Rome’s craze for novelty. During a bath in a public bathhouse, he is accidentally transferred to a bathhouse in 21-century Japan through a mysterious process in the water. Astonished by the advanced innovations and gadgets found there, Lucius brings the new ideas of contemporary Japanese bathhouses back to a(...)

literary

YEAR: 2009

COUNTRY: Japan


Glen Chapron, Hélène Montardre

Vercingetorix against Julius Ceasar [Vercingétorix contre Jules César]

Like in the other books in the series Les petites histoires de l’HISTOIRE, the first two pages before the story sensu stricto are entitled The Adventure Begins… They provide answers to the questions: when, where, who, and “so what”. In 52 BCE, in the territory of today’s France, some Gallic tribes had already made agreements with Rome; others were nervously awaiting the results of Caesar’s attempts to conquer them all.Against this background, a young Gaul, Sa(...)

literary

YEAR: 2015

COUNTRY: France


Margaux Carpentier, Isabel Otter

Wonders of the World. An Interactive Tour of Marvels and Monuments

Wonders of the World is a highly illustrated and well-designed lift-the-flap publication. The book is divided into two main parts. The first presents the seven wonders of the ancient world, the second the wonders of what is referred to as the "modern world", although some of these entries were also built in antiquity. A double-page at the end presents seven natural wonders. Each wonder has a page of its own with one or two flaps and information distributed across an average of fiv(...)

literary

YEAR: 2018

COUNTRY: United Kingdom